1,057 research outputs found
Production Optimization,Molecular Characterization and Biological Activities of Exopolysaccharides from Xylaria nigripes
The optimal culture conditions of exopolysaccharides (EPS) production in submerged culture medium by Xylaria nigripes were determined using orthogonal matrix method. The optimal medium (per liter) EPS was 60.0 g Lβ1 maltose, 1.0 g Lβ1 peptone,
5 mmol Lβ1 KH2PO4, and initial pH 7.0 at 28 oC. In the optimal culture medium, the maximum EPS production was 11.967 g Lβ1 in shake flask. Two groups of EPSs (designated as Fr-I and Fr-II) were obtained from the culture filtrates by size exclusion chromatography
(SEC), and their molecular characteristics were examined by a multiangle laser-light scattering (MALLS) and refractive index (RI) detector system. The weight-average molar masses of Fr-I and Fr-II of EPS were determined to be 6.327104 and 1.478104 g molβ1, respectively. The SEC/MALLS analysis revealed that the molecular
formation of Fr-I is of nearly globular shape. Furthermore, the experiments in vitro indicated that X. nigripes EPS exhibited high antioxidative effects though its antitumour activity was limited
Molecular cytogenetic aberrations in patients with multiple myeloma studied by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological disorder characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM). The clinical heterogeneity of MM is dictated by the cytogenetic aberrations present in the clonal plasma cells (PCs). Cytogenetic studies in MM are hampered by the hypoproliferative nature of plasma cells in MM. Therefore, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis combined with magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) is an attractive alternative for evaluation of numerical and structural chromosomal changes in MM. Methods: Interphase FISH studies with three different specific probes for the regions containing 13q14.3 (D13S319), 14q32 (IGHC/IGHV) and 1q12(CEP1 ) were performed in 48 MM patients. Interphase FISH studies with LSI IGH/CCND1, LSI IGH/FGFR3, and LSI IGH/MAF probes were used to detect t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16;q32), and t(14;16)(q32;q23) in patients with 14q32 rearrangement. Results: Molecular cytogenetic aberrations were found in 40 (83.3%) of the 48 MM patients. 13 patients (27.1%) simultaneously had 13q deletion/monosomy 13 [del(13q14)], illegitimate IGH rearrangement and chromosome 1 abnormality. Del(13q14) was detected in 21 cases (43.7%), and illegitimate IGH rearrangements in 29 (60.4%) including 6 with t(11;14) and 5 with t(4;14). None of 9 patients with illegitimate IGH rearrangements and without t(11;14) or t(4;14) we detected had t(14;16) (q32;q23). 24 of the 48 MM patients (50%) had chromosome 1 abnormalities. Among 21 patients with del(13q14), 15 patients had Amp1q12;16 had IgH rearrangements. Whereas, among 27 cases without del(13q14), 8 had Amp1q12; 13 had IgH rearrangements. There was a strong association between del(13q14) and Amp1q12(c2 = 8.26, Ρ < 0.01), and between del(13q14) and IgH rearrangement(c2 = 3.88, p < 0.05). Conclusion: 13q deletion/monosomy 13, IGH rearrangement and chromosome 1 abnormality are frequent in MM. They are not randomly distributed, but strongly interconnected. Interphase FISH technique combined with MACS using CD138-specific antibody is a highly sensitive technique at detecting molecular cytogenetic aberrations in MM.ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΠ° (MM) β Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π΅ (ΠM). ΠΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ MM ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ (ΠΠ). Π¦ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
MM ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ in situ (FISH)
Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ (MACS) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ MM. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ
FISH Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
13q14.3 (D13S319), 14q32
(IGHC/IGHV) ΠΈ 1q12(CEP1), ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ 48 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ MM. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ FISH Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ² LSI IGH/CCND1, LSI IGH/FGFR3 ΠΈ LSI IGH/MAF ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ t(11;14)(q13;q32), t(4;14)(p16;q32), ΠΈ
t(14;16)(q32;q23) Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΎΠΉ 14q32. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Ρ
40 (83,3%) ΠΈΠ· 48 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ MM. Π£ 13 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² (27,1%) ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ 13q Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ/ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ 13 [del(13q14)],
Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ° IGH ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ 1. Del(13q14) Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² 21 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ (43,7%), Π° Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ IGH β Π² 29 (60,4%), Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ Ρ 6 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ t(11;14) ΠΈ 5 Ρ t(4;14). ΠΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· 9 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ IGH ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π· t(11;14) ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ t(4;14) Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ t(14;16) (q32;q23). Π£ 24 ΠΈΠ· 48 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ MM
(50%) ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ 1. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· 21 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ del(13q14) Π² 15 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ IgH
Amp1q12;16. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈΠ· 27 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² Π±Π΅Π· del(13q14) Ρ 8 ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Amp1q12; Π² 13 ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ
IgH. ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ del(13q14) ΠΈ Amp1q12(Ο2
= 8,26, p < 0,01) ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ del(13q14) ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ IgH
(Ο2 = 3,88, p < 0,05). ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: 13q Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΡΠΈΡ/ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ 13, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΡ IGH ΠΈ Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΡ 1 ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ MM, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· FISH Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ
MACS Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ CD138-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π±Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ MM
Non-Markovian dynamics for an open two-level system without rotating wave approximation: Indivisibility versus backflow of information
By use of the two measures presented recently, the indivisibility and the
backflow of information, we study the non-Markovianity of the dynamics for a
two-level system interacting with a zero-temperature structured environment
without using rotating wave approximation (RWA). In the limit of weak coupling
between the system and the reservoir, and by expanding the time-convolutionless
(TCL) generator to the forth order with respect to the coupling strength, the
time-local non-Markovian master equation for the reduced state of the system is
derived. Under the secular approximation, the exact analytic solution is
obtained and the sufficient and necessary conditions for the indivisibility and
the backflow of information for the system dynamics are presented. In the more
general case, we investigate numerically the properties of the two measures for
the case of Lorentzian reservoir. Our results show the importance of the
counter-rotating terms to the short-time-scale non-Markovian behavior of the
system dynamics, further expose the relations between the two measures and
their rationality as non-Markovian measures. Finally, the complete positivity
of the dynamics of the considered system is discussed
Random and combinatorial mutagenesis for improved total production of secretory target protein in Escherichia coli
Signal peptides and secretory carrier proteins are commonly used to secrete heterologous recombinant protein in Gram-negative bacteria. The Escherichia coli osmotically-inducible protein Y (OsmY) is a carrier protein that secretes a target protein extracellularly, and we have previously applied it in the Bacterial Extracellular Protein Secretion System (BENNY) to accelerate directed evolution. In this study, we reported the first application of random and combinatorial mutagenesis on a carrier protein to enhance total secretory target protein production. After one round of random mutagenesis followed by combining the mutations found, OsmY(M3) (L6P, V43A, S154R, V191E) was identified as the best carrier protein. OsmY(M3) produced 3.1βΒ±β0.3 fold and 2.9βΒ±β0.8 fold more secretory Tfu0937 Ξ²-glucosidase than its wildtype counterpart in E. coli strains BL21(DE3) and C41(DE3), respectively. OsmY(M3) also produced more secretory Tfu0937 at different cultivation temperatures (37 Β°C, 30 Β°C and 25 Β°C) compared to the wildtype. Subcellular fractionation of the expressed protein confirmed the essential role of OsmY in protein secretion. Up to 80.8βΒ±β12.2% of total soluble protein was secreted after 15 h of cultivation. When fused to a red fluorescent protein or a lipase from Bacillus subtillis, OsmY(M3) also produced more secretory protein compared to the wildtype. In this study, OsmY(M3) variant improved the extracellular production of three proteins originating from diverse organisms and with diverse properties, clearly demonstrating its wide-ranging applications. The use of random and combinatorial mutagenesis on the carrier protein demonstrated in this work can also be further extended to evolve other signal peptides or carrier proteins for secretory protein production in E. coli
A Statistical Study on Photospheric Magnetic Nonpotentiality of Active Regions and Its Relationship with Flares during Solar Cycles 22-23
A statistical study is carried out on the photospheric magnetic
nonpotentiality in solar active regions and its relationship with associated
flares. We select 2173 photospheric vector magnetograms from 1106 active
regions observed by the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope at Huairou Solar
Observing Station, National Astronomical Observatories of China, in the period
of 1988-2008, which covers most of the 22nd and 23rd solar cycles. We have
computed the mean planar magnetic shear angle (\bar{\Delta\phi}), mean shear
angle of the vector magnetic field (\bar{\Delta\psi}), mean absolute vertical
current density (\bar{|J_{z}|}), mean absolute current helicity density
(\bar{|h_{c}|}), absolute twist parameter (|\alpha_{av}|), mean free magnetic
energy density (\bar{\rho_{free}}), effective distance of the longitudinal
magnetic field (d_{E}), and modified effective distance (d_{Em}) of each
photospheric vector magnetogram. Parameters \bar{|h_{c}|}, \bar{\rho_{free}},
and d_{Em} show higher correlation with the evolution of the solar cycle. The
Pearson linear correlation coefficients between these three parameters and the
yearly mean sunspot number are all larger than 0.59. Parameters
\bar{\Delta\phi}, \bar{\Delta\psi}, \bar{|J_{z}|}, |\alpha_{av}|, and d_{E}
show only weak correlations with the solar cycle, though the nonpotentiality
and the complexity of active regions are greater in the activity maximum
periods than in the minimum periods. All of the eight parameters show positive
correlations with the flare productivity of active regions, and the combination
of different nonpotentiality parameters may be effective in predicting the
flaring probability of active regions.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in Solar
Physic
Measurements of the observed cross sections for exclusive light hadrons containing at , 3.650 and 3.6648 GeV
By analyzing the data sets of 17.3, 6.5 and 1.0 pb taken,
respectively, at , 3.650 and 3.6648 GeV with the BES-II
detector at the BEPC collider, we measure the observed cross sections for
, , ,
and at the three energy
points. Based on these cross sections we set the upper limits on the observed
cross sections and the branching fractions for decay into these
final states at 90% C.L..Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
Partial wave analysis of J/\psi \to \gamma \phi \phi
Using events collected in the BESII detector, the
radiative decay is
studied. The invariant mass distribution exhibits a near-threshold
enhancement that peaks around 2.24 GeV/.
A partial wave analysis shows that the structure is dominated by a
state () with a mass of
GeV/ and a width of GeV/. The
product branching fraction is: .Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures. corrected proof for journa
Direct Measurements of Absolute Branching Fractions for D0 and D+ Inclusive Semimuonic Decays
By analyzing about 33 data sample collected at and around 3.773
GeV with the BES-II detector at the BEPC collider, we directly measure the
branching fractions for the neutral and charged inclusive semimuonic decays
to be and , and determine the ratio of the two branching
fractions to be
- β¦